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The availability of psilocybin mushrooms from wild and cultivated sources has made them one of the most widely used psychedelic drugs. At present, psilocybin mushroom use has been reported among some groups spanning from central Mexico to Oaxaca, including groups of Nahua, Mixtecs, Mixe, Mazatecs, Zapotecs, and others. [2]
The mushrooms are collected and grown as an entheogen and recreational drug, despite being illegal in many countries. Many psilocybin mushrooms are in the genus Psilocybe, but species across several other genera contain the drugs.
The Japanese cultivated the mushroom by cutting shii trees with axes and placing the logs by trees that were already growing shiitake or contained shiitake spores. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Before 1982, the Japan Islands' variety of these mushrooms could only be grown in traditional locations using ancient methods. [ 12 ]
The diversity of psilocybin mushrooms is reported to have been increased by horizontal transfer of the psilocybin gene cluster between unrelated mushroom species. [ 163 ] [ 115 ] In general, psilocybin-containing species are dark-spored, gilled mushrooms that grow in meadows and woods of the subtropics and tropics , usually in soils rich in ...
Mushroom edibles have become increasingly popular in the United States in the 2020s. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] [ 6 ] They exist in a legal gray area, and may or may not be illegal depending on the ingredients. [ 6 ] [ 4 ] [ 2 ] [ 1 ] One mushroom edibles brand, Diamond Shruumz , has been linked to hundreds of poisonings , including deaths .
In a new study, researchers said psilocybin, an ingredient found in so-called magic mushrooms, was more effective in treating depression than niacin or microdosing with psychedelic drugs
Fungi that produce psilocybin and psilocin express incredible diversity, as they are a part of at least eight genera with hundreds of species belonging to them. [3] The specific reaction pathway for L-tryptophan decarboxylase has been described in twelve species, including Psilocybe cubensis, commonly known as magic mushrooms. [2]
Some mushroom products advertise specific ingredient amounts — such as “3.5g Psilocybin Cubensis” or "6g of Fruiting Bodies” — but testing showed those didn’t always correlate to ...