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Particularly in North America for several decades, the designation AWD has been used and marketed – distinctly from 4×4 and 4WD – to apply to vehicles with drive train systems that have permanent drive, a differential between the front and rear drive shafts, and active management of torque transfer, especially following the advent of the anti-lock braking system (ABS).
Super Handling-All Wheel Drive (SH-AWD) is a full-time, fully automatic, all-wheel drive traction and handling system, which combines front-rear torque distribution control with independently regulated torque distribution to the left and right rear wheels.
A four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges .
Differences between trim levels typically consist of interior equipment (e.g., leather seats and reversing cameras) and cosmetic changes; [2] [3] however, a trim level can sometimes include mechanical changes such as different engines, suspension, or all-wheel-drive systems. [4] [5]
A transfer case that allows alternating between 2-wheel drive and 4-wheel drive modes but lacks a center differential for coordinating axle speeds is known as "part-time". Some vehicles, such as all-wheel-drive (AWD) sports cars, have transfer cases that are not selectable, known as "full-time". Such a transfer case is permanently "locked" into ...
The most common example is probably the 4×4 configuration. 6×4*4 is the chassis configuration for a vehicle with six wheels where four wheels are driven, in addition, the two front wheels as well as the rearmost two wheels are steered.