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Glass fibers have been produced for centuries, but the earliest patent was awarded to the Prussian inventor Hermann Hammesfahr (1845–1914) in the U.S. in 1880. [3] [4]Mass production of glass strands was accidentally discovered in 1932 when Games Slayter, a researcher at Owens-Illinois, directed a jet of compressed air at a stream of molten glass and produced fibers.
Glass wool, which is one product called "fiberglass" today, was invented some time between 1932 and 1933 by Games Slayter of Owens-Illinois, as a material to be used as thermal building insulation. [1] It is marketed under the trade name Fiberglas, which has become a genericized trademark. Glass fiber, when used as a thermal insulating material ...
FR-4 is a composite material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant (self-extinguishing). "FR" stands for "flame retardant", and does not denote that the material complies with the standard UL94V-0 unless testing is performed to UL 94, Vertical Flame testing in Section 8 at a compliant lab.
Soda–lime glass (for containers) [2] Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran) Glass wool (for thermal insulation) Special optical glass (similar to Lead crystal) Fused silica Germania glass Germanium selenide glass Chemical composition, wt% 74 SiO 2, 13 Na 2 O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al 2 O 3, 0.3 K 2 O, 0.2 SO 3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO 2, 0. ...
The calculation of glass properties allows "fine-tuning" of desired material characteristics, e.g., the refractive index. [1]The calculation of glass properties (glass modeling) is used to predict glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e.g., during production) without experimental investigation, based on past data and experience, with the intention to save ...
High-density fiberglass batts 2.54: 1 0.63–0.88: 3.6–5: 25–35 Extruded expanded polystyrene (XPS) low-density 2.54: 1 0.63–0.82: 3.6–4.7: 25–32 Icynene loose-fill (pour-fill) [7] 2.54: 1 0.70: 4: 28 Molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) high-density 2.54: 1 0.70: 4.2: 22–32 [3] Rice hulls [8] 2.54: 1 0.50: 3.0: 24 Fiberglass batts [9 ...
(near r.t.) 1738 kg/m 3: LNG (at 20 °C) 1.738 g/cm 3: CRC (near r.t.) 1.74 g/cm 3: 13 Al aluminium; use: 2.70 g/cm 3: WEL (near r.t.) 2700 kg/m 3: LNG (at r.t.) 2.70 g/cm 3: CRC (near r.t.) 2.70 g/cm 3: 14 Si silicon; use: 2.33 g/cm 3: WEL (near r.t.) 2330 kg/m 3: LNG (at r.t.) 2.33 g/cm 3: CRC (near r.t.) 2.3290 g/cm 3: 15 P phosphorus (white ...
The density of glass varies with chemical composition with values ranging from 2.2 grams per cubic centimetre (2,200 kg/m 3) for fused silica to 7.2 grams per cubic centimetre (7,200 kg/m 3) for dense flint glass. [69]