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In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle. It is a circular arc that measures 180° (equivalently, π radians , or a half-turn ).
The paradox is that the smaller inner circle moves 2πR, the circumference of the larger outer circle with radius R, rather than its own circumference. If the inner circle were rolled separately, it would move 2πr, its own circumference with radius r. The inner circle is not separate but rigidly connected to the larger.
A circle circumference and radius are proportional. The area enclosed and the square of its radius are proportional. The constants of proportionality are 2 π and π respectively. The circle that is centred at the origin with radius 1 is called the unit circle. Thought of as a great circle of the unit sphere, it becomes the Riemannian circle.
The circumference of a circle is the distance around it, but if, as in many elementary treatments, distance is defined in terms of straight lines, this cannot be used as a definition. Under these circumstances, the circumference of a circle may be defined as the limit of the perimeters of inscribed regular polygons as the number of sides ...
The following is a list of centroids of various two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The centroid of an object in -dimensional space is the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide into two parts of equal moment about the hyperplane.
In the typical special case that R = 2, this sequence coincides with the Catalan numbers 1, 2, 5, 14, etc. In particular, the second moment is R 2 ⁄ 4 and the fourth moment is R 4 ⁄ 8, which shows that the excess kurtosis is −1. [1] As can be calculated using the residue theorem, the Stieltjes transform of the Wigner distribution is given by