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Luminous efficacy can be normalized by the maximum possible luminous efficacy to a dimensionless quantity called luminous efficiency.The distinction between efficacy and efficiency is not always carefully maintained in published sources, so it is not uncommon to see "efficiencies" expressed in lumens per watt, or "efficacies" expressed as a percentage.
High-lumen retrofit lamps for 40W T12 lamps in North America. Popular tube diameter in Japan; Circular 32W and 40W T10 lamps (Older versions of the 32W and 40W T9 lamps) T12 T38 1 + 1 ⁄ 2: 38.1 G13 bi-pin; Fa8 single-pin; R17d recessed double contact; One of the first diameters of fluorescent lamps, with the 15W T12 and 20W T12 having been ...
Left to right: MR16 with GU10 base, MR16 with GU5.3 base, MR11 with GU4 or GZ4 base Line drawing of an LED MR16 lamp, with a heatsink rather than a reflector. A multifaceted reflector (often abbreviated MR) light bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen as well as some LED and fluorescent lamps.
The efficacy of fluorescent tubes ranges from about 16 lumens per watt for a 4 watt tube with an ordinary ballast to over 100 lumens per watt [51] with a modern electronic ballast, commonly averaging 50 to 67 lm/W overall. [52] Ballast loss can be about 25% of the lamp power with magnetic ballasts, and around 10% with electronic ballasts.
The luminous efficacy of a typical CFL is 50–70 lumens per watt (lm/W) and that of a typical incandescent lamp is 10–17 lm/W. [38] Compared to a theoretical 100%-efficient lamp ( 680 lm/W ), CFL lamps have lighting efficiency ranges of 7–10%, [ 39 ] versus 1.5–2.5% [ 40 ] for incandescents.
If a lamp has a 1 lumen bulb and the optics of the lamp are set up to focus the light evenly into a 1 steradian beam, then the beam would have a luminous intensity of 1 candela. If the optics were changed to concentrate the beam into 1/2 steradian then the source would have a luminous intensity of 2 candela.