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Bacteria, as asexual organisms, inherit an identical copy of the parent's genome and are clonal. However, all bacteria can evolve by selection on changes to their genetic material DNA caused by genetic recombination or mutations. Mutations arise from errors made during the replication of DNA or from exposure to mutagens.
Most rod-shaped bacteria can move using their own power, which allows colonization of new environments and discovery of new resources for survival. Bacterial movement depends not only on the characteristics of the medium, but also on the use of different appendages to propel. Swarming and swimming movements are both powered by rotating flagella.
There are many species that show non-pathogenic characteristics; however, there are some, like S. pneumoniae, that exhibit pathogenic characteristics in the human body. [17] [11] The genus Enterococcus belongs to the family Enterococcaceae. This genus is divided into 58 species and two subspecies. [18]
Bacteria (prokaryotes, together with Archaea) share many common features. These commonalities include the lack of a nuclear membrane, unicellularity, division by binary-fission and generally small size. The various species can be differentiated through the comparison of several characteristics, allowing their identification and classification.
The Yersiniaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes some familiar pathogens. For example, the type genus Yersinia includes Yersinia pestis , the causative agent of plague . This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota .
Swarming bacteria undergo morphological differentiation that distinguish them from their planktonic state. Cells localized at migration front are typically hyperelongated, hyperflagellated and grouped in multicellular raft structures. [11] [12] [21] [22]
Because microorganisms include most unicellular organisms from all three domains of life, they can be extremely diverse. Two of the three domains, Archaea and Bacteria, only contain microorganisms. The third domain, Eukaryota, includes all multicellular organisms as well as many unicellular protists and protozoans that are microbes.
High G+C Gram-positive bacteria Terrabacteria "Margulisiibacteriota" corrig. Anantharaman et al. 2016 "Saganbacteria" Terrabacteria: Cyanobacteriota: Oren, Mares & Rippka 2022 Blue-green algae "Blackallbacteria" "Vampirovibrionia" "Tanganyikabacteria" Terrabacteria "Bipolaricaulota" Hao et al. 2018 KB1 "Acetothermia" (OP1) "Fraserbacteria ...