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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. [1] FSH is synthesized and secreted by the gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland [ 2 ] and regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation , and reproductive processes of the body.
In response to the rise of FSH, the antral follicles begin to secrete estrogen and inhibin, which have a negative feedback effect on FSH. [7] Follicles that have fewer FSH-receptors will not be able to develop further; they will show retardation of their growth rate and become atretic. Eventually, only one follicle will be viable.
When used in medium dosage, a long-acting FSH preparation has the same outcome in regard to live birth rate and risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome as compared to daily FSH. A long-acting FSH preparation may cause decreased live birth rates compared to daily FSH when using low dosages (60 to 120 μg of corifollitropin alfa). [16]
Ovarian follicle activation can be defined as primordial follicles in the ovary moving from a quiescent (inactive) to a growing phase. The primordial follicle in the ovary is what makes up the “pool” of follicles that will be induced to enter growth and developmental changes that change them into pre-ovulatory follicles, ready to be released during ovulation.
The most common problem is insufficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to sex hormone abnormalities. Growth hormone deficiency is more common in people with an underlying tumor than those with other causes. [1] [7]
Countries need a fertility rate of about 2.1 kids per family to maintain a stable population. But two-thirds of the world's population already lives in countries where fertility is below this so ...
FSH, luteinizing hormone. thyroid-stimulating hormone , and hCG are all known to affect Sertoli cell development and male reproductive health. FSH is required for Sertoli cell mitogen, which stimulates the expression of various cell markers.
At the time of menstruation, FSH initiates follicular growth, specifically affecting granulosa cells. [11] With the rise in estrogens, LH receptors are also expressed on the maturing follicle, which causes it to produce more estradiol.