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However, slavery legally persisted in Delaware, [49] Kentucky, [50] and (to a very limited extent, due to a trade ban but continued gradual abolition) New Jersey, [51] [52] until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime, on December 18, 1865 ...
English: Evolution of the enslaved population of the United States as a percentage of the population of each state, based on official US Census figures. States are listed by 1860 slavery rate (in descending order). Note that data for future West Virginia counties are disaggregated from Virginia data.
Slavery in the United States was legally abolished nationwide within the 36 newly reunited states under the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, effective December 18, 1865. The federal district, which is legally part of no state and under the sole jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, permitted slavery until the American Civil War.
Base map derived from File:Blank US Map with borders.svg by User:Strafpeloton2. For states and counties exempted from the Emancipation Proclamation, I consulted File:Emancipation Proclamation.PNG; battle lines as of January 1, 1863, are based partly on File:Map of American Civil War in 1862.svg (reflecting battle lines at the end of the year 1862).
The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [ 1 ] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
Historical military map of the border and southern states by Phelps & Watson, 1866. In the American Civil War (1861–65), the border states or the Border South were four, later five, slave states in the Upper South that primarily supported the Union. They were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri, and after 1863, the new state of West ...
By 1860, the slave population in the United States had reached four million. [171] Of the 1,515,605 free families in the fifteen slave states in 1860, nearly 400,000 held slaves (roughly one in four, or 25%), [ 172 ] amounting to 8% of all American families.
While the South still attracted immigrants from Europe, the North attracted far more during the early-to-mid 1800s, such that by the time of the American Civil War, the population of the North far exceeded the non-enslaved population of the South per the 1860 United States census.