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Between the years of 1991–1994, self-selecting patients seeking piriformis syndrome treatment from a group of American physicians had the following distribution: 75% were in New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania; 20% in other American urban centers; and 5% in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. [71]
Piriformis syndrome has colloquially been referred to as "wallet sciatica" since a wallet carried in a rear hip pocket compresses the buttock muscles and sciatic nerve when the bearer sits down. Piriformis syndrome may be suspected as a cause of sciatica when the spinal nerve roots contributing to the sciatic nerve are normal and no herniation ...
Later, piriformis syndrome was proposed as a cause of non-discogenic sciatic nerve entrapment. However, piriformis syndrome remained controversial for many years as a distinct pathophysiological entity because there was no objective diagnostic criteria, no reliable treatment, and no reasonable pathophysiology to support its existence. [4]
The biomechanical relationship between the sacroiliac joint, the piriformis muscle (see "piriformis syndrome"), and the sciatic nerve had not yet been discovered. [18] In 1934, the work of Mixter and Barr shifted all emphasis in research and treatment from the sacroiliac to the herniated intervertebral disc, namely lumbar discs. [30]
Levator ani syndrome is a condition characterized by burning pain or tenesmus of the rectal or perineal area, [1] caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle. [2] [3] [4] The genesis of the syndrome is unknown; however, inflammation of the arcus tendon is a possible cause of levator ani syndrome. [5]
Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis irritates the sciatic nerve, which comes into the gluteal region beneath the muscle, causing pain in the buttocks and referred pain along the sciatic nerve. [8] This referred pain is known as sciatica. Seventeen percent of the population has their sciatic nerve coursing through the piriformis muscle.
Endoscopic treatment for sciatic nerve entrapment has been investigated in deep gluteal syndrome. Patients were treated with sciatic nerve decompression by resection of fibrovascular scar bands, piriformis tendon release, obturator internus , or quadratus femoris , or by hamstring tendon scarring.
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).