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The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.The concept of choosing bureaucrats by merit rather than by birth started early in Chinese history, but using written examinations as a tool of selection started in earnest during the Sui dynasty [1] (581–618), then into the Tang ...
Juren (Chinese: 舉人; lit. 'recommended man') was a rank achieved by people who passed the xiangshi (Chinese: 鄉試) exam in the imperial examination system of imperial China. [1] The xiangshi is also known, in English, as the provincial examination. [1]
Traditional Chinese-source scholarship regarding ancient China typically involves a dual tradition: a historicizing tradition that results in scholarship such as K. C. Wu's, which removes the unicorns from the writings of Confucius by implying that this was merely an artifact of his final senile descent towards death, saying that when this ...
A 15th-century portrait of the Ming official Jiang Shunfu.The cranes on his mandarin square indicate that he was a civil official of the sixth rank. A Qing photograph of a government official with mandarin square embroidered in front A European view: a mandarin travelling by boat, Baptista van Doetechum, 1604 Nguyễn Văn Tường (chữ Hán: 阮文祥, 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the ...
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. [1] The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars. [2]
This was a major argument in favor of the eight-legged essay, arguing that it were better to eliminate creative art in favor of prosaic literacy. In the history of Chinese literature, the eight-legged essay is often accused by later Chinese critics to have caused China's "cultural stagnation and economic backwardness" in the 19th century. [1] [2]
Zhuangyuan, or trạng nguyên in Vietnamese, variously translated into English as principal graduate, primus, or optimus, [1] was the title given to the scholar who achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination, Metropolitan examination [] (in the Tang dynasty) and Palace examination [] (in the Song dynasty) [2] in ancient China and Vietnam.
Taixue taught Confucianism and Chinese literature among other things for high level civil service posts, although a civil service system based upon competitive examination rather than recommendation was not introduced until the Sui and did not become a mature system until the Song dynasty (960–1279).