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In object-oriented programming languages such as Java, reflection allows inspection of classes, interfaces, fields and methods at runtime without knowing the names of the interfaces, fields, methods at compile time. It also allows instantiation of new objects and invocation of methods.
In .NET, they are called "custom attributes", in Java they are called "annotations". Despite the different name, they are conceptually the same thing. They can be defined on classes, member variables, methods, and method parameters and may be accessed using reflection. In Python, the term "marker interface" is common in Zope and Plone.
In the Java computer programming language, an annotation is a form of syntactic metadata that can be added to Java source code. [1] Classes, methods, variables, parameters and Java packages may be annotated. Like Javadoc tags, Java annotations can be read from source files.
Currently, it is popular to use the term late binding in Java programming as a synonym for dynamic dispatch. Specifically, this refers to Java's single dispatch mechanism used with virtual methods. Finally, Java can use late binding using its reflection APIs and type introspection much in the same way it is done in COM and .NET programming ...
Introspection should not be confused with reflection, which goes a step further and is the ability for a program to manipulate the metadata, properties, and functions of an object at runtime. Some programming languages also possess that capability (e.g., Java, Python, Julia, and Go).
Interface injection, where the dependency's interface provides an injector method that will inject the dependency into any client passed to it. In some frameworks, clients do not need to actively accept dependency injection at all. In Java, for example, reflection can make private attributes public when testing and inject services directly. [30]
Primitive wrapper classes are not the same thing as primitive types. Whereas variables, for example, can be declared in Java as data types double, short, int, etc., the primitive wrapper classes create instantiated objects and methods that inherit but hide the primitive data types, not like variables that are assigned the data type values.
Java class name« extends parentclass»« implements interfaces» { members} interface name« extends parentinterfaces» {members } package name; members: PHP namespace name; members: Objective-C @interface name« : parentclass» [8] «< protocols >» { instance_fields} method_and_property_declarations @end @implementation name method ...