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Furthermore, the product of PTGS2 (COX-2), PGH 2 is converted by prostaglandin E 2 synthase into PGE 2, which in turn can stimulate cancer progression. Consequently, inhibiting PTGS2 (COX-2) may have benefit in the prevention and treatment of these types of cancer. [29] [30] COX-2 expression was found in human idiopathic epiretinal membranes. [31]
COX is a common target for anti-inflammatory drugs. The most significant difference between the isoenzymes, which allows for selective inhibition, is the substitution of isoleucine at position 523 in COX-1 with valine in COX-2. The smaller Val 523 residue in COX-2 allows access to a hydrophobic side-pocket in the enzyme (which Ile 523 ...
In 1991 the existence of the COX-2 enzyme was confirmed by being cloned by Dr. Dan Simmons at Brigham Young University. Before the confirmation of COX-2 existence, the Dupont company had developed a compound, DuP-697, that was potent in many anti-inflammatory assays but did not have the ulcerogenic effects of NSAIDs. Once the COX-2 enzyme was ...
The inhibition of COX-2 is paramount for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic function of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. However, with regard to this drug's promise for the therapy of advanced cancers, it is unclear whether the inhibition of COX-2 plays a dominant role, and this has become a controversial and intensely researched issue.
The underlying mechanism for the deleterious effect proposes that endothelial cells lining the microvasculature in the body express COX-2, whose selective inhibition results in levels of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2, prostacyclin) down-regulated relative to thromboxane (since COX-1 in platelets is unaffected).
17709 Ensembl ENSG00000198712 ENSMUSG00000064354 UniProt P00403 P00405 RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a NP_904331 Location (UCSC) Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Location of the MT-CO2 gene in the human mitochondrial genome. MT-CO2 is one of the three cytochrome c oxidase subunit mitochondrial genes (orange boxes ...
17708 Ensembl ENSG00000198804 ENSMUSG00000064351 UniProt P00395 P00397 RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a NP_904330 Location (UCSC) Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb Chr M: 0.01 – 0.01 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Protein family Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I Structure of the 13-subunit oxidized cytochrome c oxidase. Identifiers Symbol COX1 or COI Pfam PF00115 ...
There are two isozymes of COX encoded by distinct gene products: a constitutive COX-1 (this enzyme) and an inducible COX-2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. The expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated by relevant cytokines and growth factors. [9]