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As of 2016, chlorpyrifos was the most used conventional insecticide in the US and was used in over 40 states; the top five states (in total pounds applied) are California, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Texas. It was used on over 50 crops, with the top five crops (in total pounds applied) being soybeans, corn, alfalfa, oranges, and almonds.
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. [1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. [2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, [3] neurodevelopmental disorder, [4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease ...
Hexachlorobenzene is an animal carcinogen and is considered to be a probable human carcinogen. [20] After its introduction as a fungicide in 1945, for crop seeds, this toxic chemical was found in all food types. [citation needed] Hexachlorobenzene was banned from use in the United States in 1966. [citation needed]
Pyrethrin is most commonly used as an insecticide and has been used for this purpose since the 1900s. [18] In the 1800s, it was known as " Persian powder ", "Persian pellitory", and "zacherlin". Pyrethrins delay the closure of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nerve cells of insects, resulting in repeated and extended nerve firings.
Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, commonly abbreviated as an DDVP [1]) is an organophosphate widely used as an insecticide to control household pests, in public health, and protecting stored products from insects. The compound has been commercially available since 1961.
Pesticide poisoning is an important occupational health issue because pesticides are used in a large number of industries, which puts many different categories of workers at risk. Extensive use puts agricultural workers in particular at increased risk for pesticide illnesses.
Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound that was used as a pesticide. It is a white solid. In the United States, chlordane was used for termite-treatment of approximately 30 million homes until it was banned in 1988. [4] Chlordane was banned 10 years earlier for food crops like corn and citrus, and on lawns and domestic gardens. [5]
Carbaryl is a cholinesterase inhibitor and is toxic to humans. It is classified as a likely human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA.) [13] The oral LD 50 is 250 to 850 mg/kg for rats and 100 to 650 mg/kg for mice. [8] Carbaryl can be produced using methyl isocyanate (MIC) as an intermediary. [5]