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Convert and copy a file Version 5 AT&T UNIX delta: SCCS Optional (XSI) Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file PWB UNIX df: Filesystem Mandatory Report free disk space Version 1 AT&T UNIX diff: Text processing Mandatory Compare two files; see also cmp Version 5 AT&T UNIX dirname: Filesystem Mandatory
The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) specifies that a series of tests are performed on the file specified on the command line: . if the file cannot be read, or its Unix file type is undetermined, the file program will indicate that the file was processed but its type was undetermined.
Changes file group ownership chown: Changes file ownership chmod: Changes the permissions of a file or directory cp: Copies a file or directory dd: Copies and converts a file df: Shows disk free space on file systems dir: Is exactly like "ls -C -b". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.) dircolors: Set up color for ls ...
A file's type can be identified by the ls -l command, which displays the type in the first character of the file-system permissions field. For regular files, Unix does not impose or provide any internal file structure; therefore, their structure and interpretation is entirely dependent on the software using them. [2]
In Unix-like operating systems, find is a command-line utility that locates files based on some user-specified criteria and either prints the pathname of each matched object or, if another action is requested, performs that action on each matched object.
Unix directories do not contain files. Instead, they contain the names of files paired with references to so-called inodes, which in turn contain both the file and its metadata (owner, permissions, time of last access, etc., but no name). Multiple names in the file system may refer to the same file, a feature termed a hard link. [1]
The umask command allows the mask to be set as octal (e.g. 0754) or symbolic (e.g. u=,g=w,o=wx) notation. The umask command is used with Unix-like operating systems, and the umask function is defined in the POSIX.1 specification.
Many early versions of Unix and Plan 9 did not have this command, and documentation and books used sed instead: sed 5q filename. The example prints every line (implicit) and quits after the fifth. Equivalently, awk may be used to print the first five lines in a file: awk 'NR < 6' filename