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Selenium, which is an essential element for animals and prokaryotes and is a beneficial element for many plants, is the least-common of all the elements essential to life. [ 3 ] [ 63 ] Selenium acts as the catalytic center of several antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase , [ 11 ] and plays a wide variety of other biological roles .
A rapid increase in the manufacture of reinforcement-grade boron-containing fiberglass in Asia, has offset the development of boron-free reinforcement-grade fiberglass in Europe and the US. The recent rises in energy prices may lead to greater use of insulation-grade fiberglass, with consequent growth in the boron consumption.
Tetranitratoborate is an anion composed of boron with four nitrate groups. It has formula [B(NO 3) 4] −.It can form salts with large cations such as tetramethylammonium nitratoborate, [1] or tetraethylammonium tetranitratoborate. [2]
The boron group is notable for trends in the electron configuration, as shown above, and in some of its elements' characteristics. Boron differs from the other group members in its hardness, refractivity and reluctance to participate in metallic bonding. An example of a trend in reactivity is boron's tendency to form reactive compounds with ...
This anion is a bridged bicyclic molecule, contains oxygen atoms bridging the boron atoms, which are linked to four hydroxyl groups (−OH), one per each boron atom. The anion has a tetrahedral molecular geometry at the two tetracoordinated boron atoms, and has a trigonal planar molecular geometry at the two tricoordinated boron atoms.
Alkylideneboranes (RB=CRR) with a boron–carbon double bond are rare. One example, HB=CH 2, can be detected at low temperature. The derivative CH 3 B=C(SiMe 3) 2 is fairly stable, but prone to cyclodimerisation. [19] Some boron-substituted heterocycles are aromatic, but very few such arenes are stable. In borabenzene, boron replaces one CH ...
Many reactions in life sciences involve water and metal ions are often at the catalytic centers (active sites) for these enzymes, i.e. these are metalloproteins. Often the reacting water is a ligand (see metal aquo complex). Examples of hydrolase enzymes are carbonic anhydrase, metallophosphatases, and metalloproteinases. Bioinorganic chemists ...
Each boron is sp 3 hybridized, and “the configuration of the three hydrogens surrounding borons B1 and B3 is approximately trigonal and suggests approximately tetrahedral hybridization for these borons which would predict bond angles of 120°.” [6]: 35 However, the boron arrangements can be classified as fragments of either the icosahedron ...