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Some of the 1980 constitution's original provisions, such as the presidential power of dissolving the Chamber of Deputies (the lower house of Congress) and serving eight-year terms with possibility of re-election, were modified or eliminated after 1990, when the country regained its democracy and the Congress was re-established.
The 1980 constitution allows for binding referendums only when a constitutional reform passed by Congress is fully vetoed by the President and then re-approved by a two-thirds majority in both chambers. In this case, the President can either sign the reform into law or call for a referendum. So far, no President has used this power.
This binomial voting system was established by the military dictatorship that ruled Chile until 1990, limiting the proportional system in place until 1973 to two seats per district or constituency. The dictatorship used gerrymandering to create electoral districts that favored rightist parties, with a positive bias towards the more conservative ...
The Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile of 1980 (Spanish: Constitución Política de la República de Chile) is the fundamental law in force in Chile.It was approved and promulgated under the military dictatorship headed by Augusto Pinochet, being ratified by the Chilean citizenry through a referendum on September 11, 1980, although being held under restrictions and without ...
The Chilean constitution was passed under tight military control in 1980, and was designed to lead to a plebiscite in which the Chilean people would ratify a candidate proposed by the Chief of Staff of the Chilean Armed Forces and by the General Director of the Carabineros, the national police force, and who would become the President of Chile for an eight-year term.
Chile's government is a representative democratic republic, in which the President of Chile serves as both head of state and head of government, within a formal multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president and their cabinet. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Congress.
From 1973 to 1981, he was the leader of the military junta, which in 1974 declared him President of the Republic and thus the dictator of Chile; [4] [5] [6] in 1980, a referendum approved a new constitution confirming him in the office, after which he served as de jure president from 1981 to 1990. [7]
The referendum sought to implement 54 constitutional reforms. Key amendments included changes to the procedures for amending the Constitution, limitations on emergency powers , recognition of political pluralism , and the strengthening of constitutional rights and democratic principles, including broader participation in political life.