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Rotulidae is a family of small sand dollars native to the Atlantic coast of Africa, with 3 genera, with Rotula and Heliophora being extant, the other, Rotuloidea, being extinct since the Pliocene, but all three being found in the fossil record along the Atlantic African coast since the Miocene.
Sand dollars live in waters below the mean low tide line, on or just beneath the surface of sandy and muddy areas. The common sand dollar, Echinarachnius parma , can be found in the Northern Hemisphere from the intertidal zone to the depths of the ocean, while the keyhole sand dollars (three species of the genus Mellita ) can be found on many a ...
It can lengthen the proboscis dramatically while exploring new areas and periodically reverses its orientation in the burrow so as to use the back entrance to feed. [25] Other spoon worms live concealed in rock crevices, empty gastropod shells, sand dollar tests and similar places, extending their proboscises into the open water to feed. [19]
Echinodermata, including sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sea daisies; Echiura, also known as spoon worms; Gnathostomulids, slender to thread-like worms, with a transparent body that inhabit sand and mud beneath shallow coastal waters;
Encope emarginata has a thick test, or shell, that often remains intact and preserved. [1] Tests are oval-shaped, centrally domed, typically greenish-brown colored, and have 6 lunules, or notches, as well as large bowed petaloids [2] Young E. emarginata can be mistaken for its sibling, E. michelini, because of the presence of open lunules as juveniles, although closed as adults.
Alitta virens (common names include sandworm, sea worm, and king ragworm; older scientific names, including Nereis virens, are still frequently used) is an annelid worm that burrows in wet sand and mud. They construct burrows of different shapes (I,U,J and Y) [2] They range from being very complex to very simple. Long term burrows are held ...
Abarenicola pacifica or the Pacific lugworm is a large species of polychaete worm found on the west coast of North America and also in Japan. The worms live out of sight in burrows under the sand and produce casts which are visible on the surface. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments.
Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) is a tropical species of sand dollar, a flat, round marine animal related to sea urchins, starfish, and other echinoderms. They can be found along the eastern coast of the United States and the coast of Brazil. [1] Live M. quinquiesperforata (underside)