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Kroll's titanium was highly ductile reflecting its high purity. The Kroll process displaced the Hunter process and continues to be the dominant technology for the production of titanium metal, as well as driving the majority of the world's production of magnesium metal. [citation needed]
In the Kroll process, TiCl 4 is reduced by magnesium instead of sodium. Both methods share the same initial step, obtaining TiCl 4 from ore by chlorination and carbothermic reduction of the oxygen. The Kroll process is now the most commonly used titanium smelting process. [3] [4] The Hunter process was conducted in either one or two steps.
A process for electrochemical production of titanium through the reduction of titanium oxide in a calcium chloride solution was first described in a 1904 German patent, [1] [2] [3] and in 1954 U.S. patent 2845386A was awarded to Carl Marcus Olson for the production of metals like titanium by reduction of the metal oxide by a molten salt reducing agent in a specific gravity apparatus.
Titanium tetrachloride is also used to make titanium dioxide, e.g., for use in white paint. [52] It is widely used in organic chemistry as a Lewis acid, for example in the Mukaiyama aldol condensation. [53] In the van Arkel–de Boer process, titanium tetraiodide (TiI 4) is generated in the production of high purity titanium metal. [54]
The HAMR technology also entails a two step process, starting with TiO 2 under an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. The product TiH 2 can be further processed to titanium metal through standard methods. The reduction of titanium oxides to titanium metal using magnesium does not occur. The novelty of the HAMR process is the inclusion of hydrogen. [3]
The tiny droplets are spherical and measure between 50 and 350 μm. The TGA process has been used to produce a wide variety of materials such as commercially pure (CP) titanium, conventional alpha-beta and beta alloys. [5] In plasma atomization (PA) process, a titanium wire is atomized by 3 inert gas plasma jets to form spherical metal powders.
From this beleaguered titanium mine, ... We can speak about the value of the elements in the subsoil, but we have to understand it takes a lot of investment to extract, process and sell them.” ...
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...