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Incised valleys are mountain-valley-like features that commonly result from river down cutting into coastal plains and continental shelves in response to marine regression. They are the key evidence to identify sequence boundary on seismic profiles and outcrops.
Sequence boundaries are formed due to the sea level fall. For example, multi-story fluvial sandstone packages often infill incised valleys formed by the sea level drop associated with sequence boundaries. The incised valleys of sequence boundaries correlate laterally with interfluves, palaeosols formed on the margins of incised valleys. The ...
Well logging, also known as borehole logging is the practice of making a detailed record (a well log) of the geologic formations penetrated by a borehole.The log may be based either on visual inspection of samples brought to the surface (geological logs) or on physical measurements made by instruments lowered into the hole (geophysical logs).
Logging while drilling (LWD) is a technique of conveying well logging tools into the well borehole downhole as part of the bottom hole assembly (BHA).. Although the terms Measurement while drilling (MWD) and LWD are related, within the context of this section, the term MWD refers to directional-drilling measurements, e.g., for decision support for the smooth operation of the drilling, while ...
Nested fill terraces: Nested fill terraces are the result of the valley filling with alluvium, the alluvium being incised, and the valley filling again with material but to a lower level than before. The terrace that results for the second filling is a nested terrace because it has been “nested” into the original alluvium and created a terrace.
The largest deposits of rock phosphate in the United States are found in Florida. [1] Most of this is in Bone Valley in central and west-central Florida. [2]Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents.
A caliper log is a well logging tool that provides a continuous measurement of the size and shape of a borehole along its depth [1] and is commonly used in hydrocarbon exploration. The measurements that are recorded can be an important indicator of wash-outs, cave ins or shale swelling in the borehole, which can affect the results of other well ...
Modern sonic configurations with pingers and microphones at both ends of the log, combined with computer analysis, minimize the averaging somewhat. Averaging is an advantage when the formation is being evaluated for seismic parameters, a different area of formation evaluation. A special log, the Long Spaced Sonic, is sometimes used for this ...