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Gentile (/ ˈ dʒ ɛ n t aɪ l /) is a word that today usually means someone who is not Jewish. [1] [2] Other groups that claim Israelite heritage, notably Mormons, have historically used the term gentile to describe outsiders.
A page from Elia Levita's Yiddish-Hebrew-Latin-German dictionary (16th century) including the word goy (גוי), translated to Latin as ethnicus, meaning heathen or pagan. [1] In modern Hebrew and Yiddish, goy (/ ɡ ɔɪ /; גוי , pl: goyim / ˈ ɡ ɔɪ. ɪ m /, גוים or גויים ) is a term for a gentile, a non-Jew. [2]
The Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael explains that Moloch refers to any foreign religion, while Megillah in the Babylonian Talmud explains that Moloch refers to the gentiles. [50] Likewise, the late antique Targum Neofiti and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, interpret the verse to mean a Jewish man having sex with a gentile. [51]
A "righteous proselyte" is a gentile who has converted to Judaism, is bound to all the doctrines and precepts of the Jewish religion, and is considered a full member of the Jewish people. The proselyte is circumcised as an adult ( milah l'shem giur ), if male, and immerses in a mikvah to formally effect the conversion.
In the Hebrew Bible, there is some recognition of Gentile monotheistic worship as being directed toward the God of the Jews.This forms the category of yir’ei HaShem/yir’ei Shamayim (Hebrew: יראי השם, meaning "Fearers of the Name"/"Fearers of Heaven", [1] [4] [19] "the Name" being a Jewish euphemism for Yahweh, cf. Psalm 115:11).
The Anchor Bible Dictionary, for example, says: "The clear implication is that gentiles are being compelled to live according to Jewish customs." [ 11 ] The word Judaizer comes from judaize , which is seldom used in English Bible translations (an exception is the Young's Literal Translation for Galatians 2:14).
Pauline Christianity or Pauline theology (also Paulism or Paulanity), [2] otherwise referred to as Gentile Christianity, [3] is the theology and form of Christianity which developed from the beliefs and doctrines espoused by the Hellenistic-Jewish Apostle Paul through his writings and those New Testament writings traditionally attributed to him.
Among Orthodox Jews, the term may be used to describe a Jewish girl or woman who fails to follow Orthodox religious precepts. The equivalent term for a non-Jewish male, used less frequently, is shegetz. [2] Because of Jewish matrilineal descent, there is often less of a taboo associated with non-Jewish men. [3] [4] [5]