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LM3914 driving an LED bargraph display LM3915 IC in DIP-18 package. The LM3914 is an integrated circuit (IC), designed by National Semiconductor in the late 1970s, used to operate displays that visually show the magnitude of an analog signal. [1] It can drive up to 10 LEDs, LCDs, or vacuum fluorescent displays on its outputs. The linear scaling ...
In battery types where EMF remains approximately constant during discharge, but resistance increases, voltage across battery terminals is not a good indicator of capacity. A meter such as an equivalent series resistance meter ( ESR meter ) normally used for measuring the ESR of electrolytic capacitors can be used to evaluate internal resistance ...
In 1969, Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP Model 5082-7000 Numeric Indicator, an early LED display and the first LED device to use integrated circuit technology. Its development was led by Howard C. Borden and Gerald P. Pighini at HP Associates and HP Labs, who had engaged in research and development (R&D) on practical LEDs between 1962 and ...
A single or a few LED junctions may be packed in one miniature device for use as an indicator or pilot lamp. An LED array may include controlling circuits within the same package, which may range from a simple resistor, blinking or color changing control, or an addressable controller for RGB devices. Higher-powered white-emitting devices will ...
The following is a list of LM-series integrated circuits. Many were among the first analog integrated circuits commercially produced since late 1965; [1] some were groundbreaking innovations [opinion]. As of 2007, many are still being used. [2] The LM series originated with integrated circuits made by National Semiconductor.
Reverse bias: Although the LED is based on a diode junction and is nominally a rectifier, the reverse-breakdown mode for some types can occur at very low voltages and essentially any excess reverse bias can cause immediate degradation, and may lead to vastly accelerated failure. 5 V is a typical maximum reverse bias voltage specification for ...
Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right [note 1]. An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. [1]
A common application for charge-pump circuits is in RS-232 level shifters, where they are used to derive positive and negative voltages (often +10 V and −10 V) from a single 5 V or 3 V power supply rail. Charge pumps can also be used as LCD or white-LED drivers, generating high bias voltages from a single low-voltage supply, such as a battery.