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Natural selection has driven the ptarmigan to change from snow camouflage in winter to disruptive coloration suiting moorland in summer. Selective breeding transformed teosinte's small spikes (left) into modern maize (right).
According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as coloration evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage. For example, individuals with slightly better camouflage than others of the same species would, on average, leave more offspring.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals ... driven to its conspicuous size and coloration through mate choice by females over ...
The reviewer, noting Wallace's different opinion, has no difficulty with Poulton's view of sexual selection, that it is "due to an aesthetic sense in the [female] animals", [11] and likes Poulton's expression that "Natural Selection is a qualifying examination which must be passed by all candidates for honours; Sexual Selection is an honours ...
Evidence from animal coloration was gathered by some of Darwin's contemporaries; camouflage, mimicry, and warning coloration are all readily explained by natural selection. Special cases like the seasonal changes in the plumage of the ptarmigan , camouflaging it against snow in winter and against brown moorland in summer provide compelling ...
Coincident disruptive coloration is seen in other amphibians including the common frog, Rana temporaria, in which the dark and light bands that cross the body and hind legs coincide in the resting position, joining separate anatomical structures visually and breaking up and taking attention away from the body's actual outlines.
Non-adaptive coloration is considered, and a section argues that "the action of natural selection in producing colour changes must be strictly limited". 2. Coloration affected by the environment In this chapter Beddard continues to explore the possible direct effect of the environment, i.e. with "no possible relation to natural selection".
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, ... According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, [2] ...