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The absence of a written history has meant that the origin and early history of the Romani people was long an enigma. Indian origin was suggested on linguistic grounds as early as the late 18th century. [9] In the Roma language, "rom" means husband/man, while "romňi" means wife/woman, and thus "roma" means "husbands/people".
Even though genetic studies confirmed that the Romani people originated in India [210] [211] and their language is an Indo-Aryan language, [98] they have a long history of taking on different identities of various ethnic groups.
The total number of pupils identified as Traveller of Irish heritage and Gypsy/ Roma at the end of the secondary phase, key stage four, is very small. In the summer 2023 DfE data, there were around 1,400 Gypsy/ Roma pupils and 190 Travellers of Irish Heritage at the end of key stage four, out of around 607,000 pupils overall. [139]
Their language shares a common origin with, and is similar to, modern-day Gujarati and Rajasthani, borrowing loanwords from languages they encountered as they migrated from India. In Europe, even though their culture has been victimized by other cultures, they have still found a way to maintain their heritage and society.
The history of Roma in Greece goes back to the 15th century. The name Gypsy (Gyftos = Γύφτος) sometimes used for the Romani people was first given to them by the Greeks, who supposed them to be Egyptian in origin. [10] Due to their nomadic nature, they are not concentrated in a specific geographical area, but are dispersed all over the ...
Romani dress is the traditional attire of the Romani people, widely known in English by the exonymic slur Gypsies. [a] Romani traditional clothing is closely connected to the history, culture and identity of the Roma people. [2] [3]
Most Romani music is based on the folk music of the countries where the Roma went through or settled. Local music is adopted and performed – usually instrumental – and, slowly, it is transformed into Romani styles, which are usually more complex than the original styles. In its turn, Romani music has greatly influenced the local music.
As time elapsed, the notion of "the gipsy/gypsy" altered to include other associated stereotypes such as nomadism and exoticism. [27] John Matthews in The World Atlas of Divination refer to gypsies as "Wise Women". [28] Colloquially, gipsy/gypsy is used refer to any person perceived by the speaker as fitting the gypsy stereotypes. [29]