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The government of Italy is that of a democratic republic, established by the Italian constitution in 1948. It consists of legislative , executive , and judicial subdivisions, as well as of a head of state , known as the president .
The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Italy has been a democratic republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum and a constituent assembly, formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the liberation of Italy, was elected ...
The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government. [1] [2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy. [3]
Italy has a parliamentary government based on a mixed proportional and majoritarian voting system. The parliament is perfectly bicameral ; each house has the same powers. The two houses: the Chamber of Deputies meets in Palazzo Montecitorio , and the Senate of the Republic in Palazzo Madama .
However, the Christian Democrats remained the main government party. During Craxi's government, the economy recovered and Italy became the world's fifth-largest industrial nation, gaining entry into the Group of Seven, but as a result of his spending policies, the Italian national debt skyrocketed during the Craxi era, soon passing 100% of the GDP.
The Council of Ministers' origins date to the production of the Albertine Statute by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1848. The Statute, which subsequently became the Constitution of the Kingdom of Italy, did not envision collegial meetings of individual ministers, but simply the existence of ministers as heads of their ministries, responsible for their operations.
Of the 60 prime ministers, eight served more than 5 years, while seventeen served less than a year. Benito Mussolini is the longest-serving head of government, having settled a dictatorship and ruled the country for a record of 20 years and 267 days; [1] Tommaso Tittoni was the shortest-serving prime minister, having governed for 16 days only in 1905.
The Italian Parliament (Italian: Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic.It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1848–1861), the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitional National Council (1945–1946) and the Constituent Assembly (1946–1948).