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If the person's lithium toxicity is mild or moderate, lithium dosage is reduced or stopped entirely. [13] If the toxicity is severe, lithium may need to be removed from the body. The removal of lithium is done in a hospital emergency department. It may involve: Gastric lavage. A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the stomach.
Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, [5] primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder. [5] Lithium is taken orally (by mouth). [5] Common side effects include increased urination, shakiness of the hands, and increased thirst. [5]
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
the dose at which toxicity occurs in 50% of cases. LD Lethal Dose the dose at which death occurs in 50% of cases. [6]: 73 [7] [8] TI Therapeutic Index a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug by comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect [1]
According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 300–600 mg of lithium carbonate taken two to three times daily is typical for maintenance of bipolar I disorder in adults, [8] where the exact dose given varies depending on factors such as the patient's serum lithium concentrations, which must be closely monitored by a physician to avoid ...
The related quantities LD 50 /30 or LD 50 /60 are used to refer to a dose that without treatment will be lethal to 50% of the population within (respectively) 30 or 60 days. These measures are used more commonly with radiation , as survival beyond 60 days usually results in recovery.
Lithium ion (Li +) is used in psychiatry for the treatment of mania, endogenous depression, and psychosis, and also for treatment of schizophrenia. Usually lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3) is applied, but sometimes lithium citrate (Li 3 C 6 H 5 O 7), lithium sulfate or lithium oxy-butyrate are used as alternatives. [12] Li + is not metabolized.
Lithium bromide was used as a sedative beginning in the early 1900s, but it fell into disfavor in the 1940s as newer sedatives became available and when some heart patients died after using the salt substitute lithium chloride. [11] Like lithium carbonate and lithium chloride, it was used as treatment for bipolar disorder.