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In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor(x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the least integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil(x). [1]
Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate; mathematically, the bottom line should be the same as the top line, in 'fp-math' the step '1 + 1/9000' leads to a rounding up as the first bit of the 14 bit tail '10111000110010' of the mantissa falling off the table when adding 1 is a '1', this up-rounding is not undone when subtracting the 1 again, since there is no ...
The notation a < b means that a is less than b. The notation a > b means that a is greater than b. In either case, a is not equal to b. These relations are known as strict inequalities, [1] meaning that a is strictly less than or strictly greater than b. Equality is excluded.
Riemann's original motivation for studying the zeta function and its zeros was their occurrence in his explicit formula for the number of primes π (x) less than or equal to a given number x, which he published in his 1859 paper "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude". His formula was given in terms of the related function
The #ifeq function selects one of two alternatives based on whether two test strings are equal to each other. {{#ifeq: string 1 | string 2 | value if equal | value if not equal}} If both strings are valid numerical values, they are compared as numbers, rather than as literal strings: {{#ifeq: 01 | 1 | equal | not equal }} → equal
In mathematics a linear inequality is an inequality which involves a linear function. A linear inequality contains one of the symbols of inequality: [1] < less than > greater than; ≤ less than or equal to; ≥ greater than or equal to; ≠ not equal to
Newton's method assumes the function f to have a continuous derivative. Newton's method may not converge if started too far away from a root. However, when it does converge, it is faster than the bisection method; its order of convergence is usually quadratic whereas the bisection method's is linear. Newton's method is also important because it ...
The probability distribution function (and thus likelihood function) for exponential families contain products of factors involving exponentiation. The logarithm of such a function is a sum of products, again easier to differentiate than the original function.