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If the degree of the curve is d then the degree of the polar is d − 1 and so the number of tangents that can be drawn through the given point is at most d(d − 1). The dual of a line (a curve of degree 1) is an exception to this and is taken to be a point in the dual space (namely the original line).
A curve in this context is defined by a non-degenerate algebraic equation in the complex projective plane.Lines in this plane correspond to points in the dual projective plane and the lines tangent to a given algebraic curve C correspond to points in an algebraic curve C * called the dual curve.
dual 1. The dual of a projective space is the set of hyperplanes, considered as another projective space. 2. The dual curve of a plane curve is the set of its tangent lines, considered as a curve in the dual projective plane. 3. A dual number is a number of the form a+εb where ε has square 0. Semple & Roth (1949, p.268)
In mathematics, a dual abelian variety can be defined from an abelian variety A, defined over a field k. A 1-dimensional abelian variety is an elliptic curve , and every elliptic curve is isomorphic to its dual, but this fails for higher-dimensional abelian varieties, so the concept of dual becomes more interesting in higher dimensions.
These sets can be used to define a plane dual structure. Interchange the role of "points" and "lines" in C = (P, L, I) to obtain the dual structure. C ∗ = (L, P, I ∗), where I ∗ is the converse relation of I. C ∗ is also a projective plane, called the dual plane of C. If C and C ∗ are isomorphic, then C is called self-dual.
In mathematics, a duality, generally speaking, translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into other concepts, theorems or structures, in a one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an involution operation: if the dual of A is B, then the dual of B is A.
If a tangent contains the point (x 0, y 0), off the parabola, then the equation = + = holds, which has two solutions m 1 and m 2 corresponding to the two tangents passing (x 0, y 0). The free term of a reduced quadratic equation is always the product of its solutions.
Let X be a Riemann surface.Then the intersection number of two closed curves on X has a simple definition in terms of an integral. For every closed curve c on X (i.e., smooth function :), we can associate a differential form of compact support, the Poincaré dual of c, with the property that integrals along c can be calculated by integrals over X: