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Explicit memory requires gradual learning, with multiple presentations of a stimulus and response. The type of knowledge that is stored in explicit memory is called declarative knowledge. Its counterpart, known as implicit memory, refers to memories acquired and used unconsciously, such as skills (e.g. knowing how to get dressed) or perceptions ...
Both implicit and explicit memory are types of long-term memory, which is defined by the transfer of information from short-term memory into long-term storage in order to create enduring memories.
It is sometimes called explicit memory, since it consists of information that is explicitly stored and retrieved. Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory , concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory , concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place.
The idea of separate memories for short- and long-term storage originated in the 19th century. One model of memory developed in the 1960s assumed that all memories are formed in one store and transfer to another store after a small period of time. This model is referred to as the "modal model", most famously detailed by Shiffrin. [1]
Numerous theoretical accounts of memory have differentiated memory for facts and memory for context.Psychologist Endel Tulving (1972; 1983) further defined these two declarative memory conceptions of explicit memory (in which information is consciously registered and recalled) into semantic memory wherein general world knowledge not tied to specific events is stored and episodic memory ...
One of the main components of episodic memory is the process of recollection, which elicits the retrieval of contextual information pertaining to a specific event or experience that has occurred. Tulving seminally defined three key properties of episodic memory recollection as: A subjective sense of time (or mental time travel) Connection to ...
Memory research has shown that the greater ones emotional arousal level at the time of the event, the greater the chance that the event will be remembered. [7] This may be due to the amygdala enhancing the emotional aspect of the information during encoding, causing the memory to be processed at a deeper level and therefore, more likely to ...
Recognition memory, a subcategory of explicit memory, is the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people. [1] When the previously experienced event is reexperienced, this environmental content is matched to stored memory representations, eliciting matching signals. [ 2 ]