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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume. In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used
An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale. See Moment magnitude scale § Subtypes for details. Seismic moment is considered the most objective measure of an earthquake's "size" in regard of total energy. [50]
[3] [4] Depending on the size of the earthquake, an earthquake cycle can last decades, centuries, or longer. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] The Parkfield portion of the San Andreas fault is a well-known example where similarly located M6.0 earthquakes have been instrumentally recorded every 30–40 years.
M I (Johnston, 1996) Believed to be the largest earthquake ever to strike the east coast. USGS February 23, 1887 06:30 local time Liguria, Italy. 1887 Liguria earthquake. 43.78 8.07 600–3,000 6.3–7.5 M w The earthquake caused severe damage along the Ligurian coast and caused the town of Bussana Vecchia to be abandoned. [140] [141] September ...
The magnitude 4.7 earthquake just north of Malibu on Thursday morning adds to what scientists say is an unusually active year for moderate earthquakes in Southern California.
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