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Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) is a potentially-fatal febrile illness affecting horses caused by the intracellular bacterium Neorickettsia risticii. PHF is also known as Shasta River Crud and Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis .
N. risticii is the known causative agent of equine neorickettsiosis (also known as Potomac horse fever or PHF), [2] which gets its name from its discovery near the Potomac River in Maryland and Virginia. [3] N. risticii was first recovered from horses in this region in 1984 but was not recognized as the causative agent of PHF until 1979. [3]
E. Eastern equine encephalitis; Endometrosis; Epizootic lymphangitis; Equid alphaherpesvirus 4; Equid gammaherpesvirus 2; Equid gammaherpesvirus 5; Equine atypical myopathy
In the adult horse, Salmonella, Clostridioides difficile, and Neorickettsia risticii (the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever) are common causes of colitis. Antibiotics, which may lead to an altered and unhealthy microbiota, sand, grain overload, and toxins such as arsenic and cantharidin can also lead to colitis.
The horse may have a recurrent fever and anemia, and may relapse to the subacute or acute form even several years after the original attack. [citation needed] A horse may also not appear to have any symptoms, yet still tests positive for EIA antibodies. Such a horse can still pass on the disease.
Colitis-X is a term used for colitis cases in which no definitive diagnosis can be made and the horse dies. [1] Clinical signs include sudden, watery diarrhea that is usually accompanied by symptoms of hypovolemic shock and usually leads to death in 3 to 48 hours, usually in less than 24 hours.
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Equine influenza is characterized by a very high rate of transmission among horses, and has a relatively short incubation time of one to three days. [6] Clinical signs of equine influenza include fever (up to 106 °F [41 °C]), nasal discharge, have a dry, hacking cough, depression, loss of appetite and weakness. [6]