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The positivism dispute (German: Positivismusstreit) was a political-philosophical dispute between the critical rationalists (Karl Popper, Hans Albert) and the Frankfurt School (Theodor Adorno, Jürgen Habermas) in 1961, about the methodology of the social sciences. It grew into a broad discussion within German sociology from 1961 to 1969.
Leopold von Ranke [a] (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian and a founder of modern source-based history. [3] [4] He was able to implement the seminar teaching method in his classroom and focused on archival research and the analysis of historical documents.
Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive – meaning a posteriori facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Other ways of knowing , such as intuition , introspection , or religious faith , are rejected or considered meaningless .
In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism [citation needed] or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance which proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology.
The Allegory On the Writing of History shows Truth (top) watching the historian write history, while advised by Wisdom (Jacob de Wit,1754) Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject ...
Socioeconomic historians viewed the Jin-dan Academy as an organization conducting academic activities in the manner of pure history. They criticized positivism for being a research group without a historical perspective. Although the Jin-dan Academy did not actively engage with socioeconomic historians, it tolerated such criticism.
A General View of Positivism (Discours sur l'ensemble du positivisme) is a 1848 book by the French philosopher Auguste Comte, first published in English in 1865.A founding text in the development of positivism and the discipline of sociology, the work provides a revised and full account of the theory Comte presented earlier in his multi-part The Course in Positive Philosophy (1830–1842).
His book The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of Historical Thought from Herder to the Present, first published in 1968 (by Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Ct.) is a "classic” [16] among critiques of historism.