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The biosynthesis of monoglycosylceramides requires a direct transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from a sugar-nucleotide, such as uridine 5-diphosphate(UDP)-galactose, or UDP-glucose to the ceramide unit. The glycosyl-transferase catalyzed reaction results in an inversion of the glycosidic bond stereochemistry, changing from α →β.
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules. A ceramide is composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid joined by an amide bond. Ceramides are found in high concentrations within the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, since they are component lipids that make up sphingomyelin, one of the major lipids in the lipid bilayer. [1]
7357 22234 Ensembl ENSG00000148154 ENSMUSG00000028381 UniProt Q16739 O88693 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003358 NM_011673 RefSeq (protein) NP_003349 NP_003349.1 NP_035803 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 111.9 – 111.94 Mb Chr 4: 59.19 – 59.22 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Ceramide glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGCG gene. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs ...
Its structure can be condensed to NANA-Gal-Glc-ceramide. GM3 is the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipid in tissues, composed of three monosaccharide groups attached to a ceramide backbone. [2] GM3 serves as a precursor for other, more complex gangliosides. Like other gangliosides, GM3 is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus.
The effects of ceramide on insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation were abolished with PP1 inhibitors, further implicating that TNFα mediates its effects through a ceramide-activated PP1 which blocks insulin phosphorylation cascades involved in glycogen metabolism (Ghosh et al., 2007).
Two dermatologists share the best ceramide moisturizers for every skin type and break down how ceramides work to improve your skin barrier and skin health.