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  2. Positive and normative economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_normative...

    Positive economics as such avoids economic value judgments. For example, a positive economic theory might describe how money supply growth affects inflation, but it does not provide any instruction on what policy ought to be followed. An example of a normative economic statement is as follows:

  3. Engel curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel_curve

    In trade theory, one explanation of inter-industry trade has been the hypothesis that countries with similar income levels possess similar preferences for goods and services (the Lindner hypothesis), which suggests that understanding how the composition of household demand changes with income may play an important role in determining global ...

  4. Phillips curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_curve

    In these macroeconomic models with sticky prices, there is a positive relation between the rate of inflation and the level of demand, and therefore a negative relation between the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment. This relationship is often called the "New Keynesian Phillips curve".

  5. Normal good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_good

    In economics, a normal good is a type of a good which experiences an increase in demand due to an increase in income, unlike inferior goods, for which the opposite is observed. When there is an increase in a person's income, for example due to a wage rise, a good for which the demand rises due to the wage increase, is referred as a normal good.

  6. Engel's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel's_law

    In the case of food, the Engel curve is concave downward with a positive but decreasing slope. [9] [8] Engel argues that food is a normal good, yet the share of household's budget spent on food falls as income increases, making food a necessity. [4] [8] Another example of Engel's law

  7. AP Human Geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Human_Geography

    Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, APHug, AP Human, HuGS, AP HuGo, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course in human geography for high school, usually freshmen students in the US, culminating in an exam administered by the College Board. [1]

  8. Theory of fundamental causes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_fundamental_causes

    According to the Whitehall Studies, a gradient was observed across all levels of employment, with those wielding the greatest amount of power in their jobs having the lowest mortality levels. [10] Another example of the use of power and prestige is the ability to exert political power. Specifically, "electoral engagement is positively ...

  9. Law of supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_supply

    A supply is a good or service that producers are willing to provide. The law of supply determines the quantity of supply at a given price. [5]The law of supply and demand states that, for a given product, if the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, then the price increases, which decreases the demand (law of demand) and increases the supply (law of supply)—and vice versa—until ...