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  2. Mongol invasions and conquests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_and_conquests

    The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206 – 1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. [4][5]

  3. Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_incursions_in_the...

    Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire took place in the spring of 1241 and again in the winter of 1241–42. They were part of the first Mongol invasion of Europe. The Mongols did not advance far into the Holy Roman Empire and there was no major clash of arms on its territory. Rather, the army that had invaded Poland, after harassing ...

  4. Siege of Samarkand (1220) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Samarkand_(1220)

    The siege of Samarkand (1220) took place in 1220 A.D. after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar, but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son ...

  5. Batu Khan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_Khan

    Batu Khan (c. 1205 –1255) [note 1] was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi , thus a grandson of Genghis Khan . His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus' , Volga Bulgaria , Cumania , and the Caucasus for around 250 years.

  6. Mongol invasion of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Europe

    Mongol invasion of Europe 1236–1242. Date. 1220s–1240s. Location. Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Central Europe, the Caucasus, and the Balkans. Result. Mongol victory. Numerous European political entities destroyed, subjugated, or raided and forced to pay tribute. Devastation of the populations, cultures, and political structures in most ...

  7. Siege of Baghdad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad

    Siege of Baghdad. The siege of Baghdad took place in early 1258 at Baghdad, the historic capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. After a series of provocations from its ruler, Caliph al-Musta'sim, a large army under Hulegu, a prince of the Mongol Empire, attacked the city. Within a few weeks, Baghdad fell and was sacked by the Mongol army—al-Musta ...

  8. Karakorum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakorum

    When Kublai Khan claimed the throne of the Mongol Empire in 1260—as did his younger brother, Ariq Böke—he relocated his capital to Shangdu, and later to Khanbaliq (Dadu, today's Beijing). Karakorum was thence reduced to a mere administrative center of a provincial backwater of the Yuan dynasty of China in 1271.

  9. Siege of Kiev (1240) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kiev_(1240)

    Location within Europe. The siege of Kiev by the Mongols took place between 28 November and 6 December 1240, and resulted in a Mongol victory. It was a heavy morale and military blow to the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia, which was forced to submit to Mongol suzerainty, and allowed Batu Khan to proceed westward into Central Europe.