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  2. Strain rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_rate

    In physics the strain rate is generally defined as the derivative of the strain with respect to time. Its precise definition depends on how strain is measured. The strain is the ratio of two lengths, so it is a dimensionless quantity (a number that does not depend on the choice of measurement units). Thus, strain rate has dimension of inverse ...

  3. Shear stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_stress

    Shear stress (often denoted by τ, Greek: tau) is the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on the other hand, arises from the force vector component perpendicular to the material cross section on which it acts.

  4. Shear rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_rate

    The shear rate for a fluid flowing between two parallel plates, one moving at a constant speed and the other one stationary (Couette flow), is defined by. where: γ ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {\gamma }}} is the shear rate, measured in reciprocal seconds; v is the velocity of the moving plate, measured in meters per second; h is the distance ...

  5. Derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivation_of_the_Navier...

    The derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations as well as their application and formulation for different families of fluids, is an important exercise in fluid dynamics with applications in mechanical engineering, physics, chemistry, heat transfer, and electrical engineering. A proof explaining the properties and bounds of the equations, such ...

  6. Strain (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_(mechanics)

    The (infinitesimal) strain tensor (symbol ) is defined in the International System of Quantities (ISQ), more specifically in ISO 80000-4 (Mechanics), as a "tensor quantity representing the deformation of matter caused by stress. Strain tensor is symmetric and has three linear strain and three shear strain (Cartesian) components." [6]

  7. Strain gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain_gauge

    An unmounted resistive foil strain gauge. A strain gauge takes advantage of the physical property of electrical conductance and its dependence on the conductor's geometry. . When an electrical conductor is stretched within the limits of its elasticity such that it does not break or permanently deform, it will become narrower and longer, which increases its electrical resistance end-to-

  8. Shear modulus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_modulus

    G = τ / γ = E / [2 (1 + ν)] Shear strain. In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: [1] where. = shear stress. is the force which acts. is the area on which the force ...

  9. Shear flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_flow

    Here, the strain rate is simply the relative velocity divided by the distance between the plates. Shear flows in fluids tend to be unstable at high Reynolds numbers, when fluid viscosity is not strong enough to dampen out perturbations to the flow. For example, when two layers of fluid shear against each other with relative velocity, the Kelvin ...