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SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement in financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting (e.g. falsification of accounting records) and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets (e.g. theft of assets or fraudulent expenditures).
In terms of the Conceptual Framework (see "materiality in accounting" above), materiality also has a qualitative aspect. This means that, even if a misstatement is not material in "Dollar" (or other denomination) terms, it may still be material because of its nature. An example is if a disclosure is omitted from the financial statements.
A matter is "material" if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable person would consider it important." ... whether the misstatement hides a failure to meet analysts' consensus ...
The entity's objectives and strategies, and the related business risks that may result in material misstatement of the financial statements; The measurement and review of the entity's financial performance; Internal control relevant to the audit; Assess Client's Business Risk; Set Materiality and Assess Accepted Audit Risk (AAR) and Inherent ...
An auditor's objective is to determine whether financial statements are presented fairly, in all material respects, and are free of material misstatement. Although the process of producing an assessment may involve an audit by an independent professional, its purpose is to provide a measurement rather than to express an opinion about the ...
Substantive procedures (or substantive tests) are those activities performed by the auditor to detect material misstatement at the assertion level. [1]Management implicitly assert that account balances and disclosures and underlying classes of transactions do not contain any material misstatements: in other words, that they are materially complete, valid and accurate.
Inherent risk is one of two components of the risk of material misstatement i.e. the risk that the financial statements are materiality misstated prior to audit. The other component is control risk. [1] Audit risk is a function of the risk of material misstatement and detection risk. [1]
Second, auditors are required to consider the risk of material misstatement through understanding the entity and its environment, including the entity's internal control. [3] [4] Financial statement assertions provide a framework to assess the risk of material misstatement in each significant account balance or class of transactions. [5]