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A normal cylindrical projection is any projection in which meridians are mapped to equally spaced vertical lines and circles of latitude (parallels) are mapped to horizontal lines. The mapping of meridians to vertical lines can be visualized by imagining a cylinder whose axis coincides with the Earth's axis of rotation.
The projection: is cylindrical, that means it has a cylindrical projection surface [2] is normal, that means it has a normal aspect; is an equal-area projection, that means any two areas in the map have the same relative size compared to their size on the sphere.
Cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallels at 30°N/S and an aspect ratio of (3/4)π ≈ 2.356. 2002 Hobo–Dyer: Cylindrical Equal-area Mick Dyer: Cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallels at 37.5°N/S and an aspect ratio of 1.977. Similar are Trystan Edwards with standard parallels at 37.4° and Smyth equal ...
The Mercator projection is often compared to and confused with the central cylindrical projection, which is the result of projecting points from the sphere onto a tangent cylinder along straight radial lines, as if from a light source placed at the Earth's center. [12] Both have extreme distortion far from the equator and cannot show the poles.
Hobo–Dyer projection of the world. The Hobo–Dyer cylindrical equal-area projection with Tissot's indicatrices of deformation. The Hobo–Dyer map projection is a normal cylindrical equal-area projection, with standard parallels (there is no north-south or east-west distortion) at 37.5° north and south of the equator.
The central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the equator as if from a light source at Earth's center.
Lambert's normal cylindrical equal-area projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation (from Scale (map)) Image 4 Nautical chart by Pedro Reinel ( c. 1504 ), one of the first based on astronomical observations and to depict a scale of latitudes.
The Gall–Peters projection is a rectangular, equal-area map projection. Like all equal-area projections, it distorts most shapes. It is a cylindrical equal-area projection with latitudes 45° north and south as the regions on the map that have no distortion. The projection is named after James Gall and Arno Peters.