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In bipolar disorder, specifiers describe the nature of a current episode, such as the levels of anxiety, melancholia, and psychosis, and whether moods are congruent with behavior or incongruent. [3] They also describe the ongoing nature of recurrent episodes, when they began, how often they occur, and the pattern of re-occurrence.
Specifiers such as "mild, moderate, moderate-severe, severe" and "with psychotic features" should be added as applicable to indicate the presentation and course of the disorder. [5] Bipolar II disorder: No manic episodes and one or more hypomanic episodes and one or more major depressive episodes. [113]
Schizoaffective disorder – cyclical mood episodes combined with psychosis; has subtypes: bipolar type and depressive type Mania – a state of hyperactivity, heightened mood (euphoric or irritable), low sleep, pressured speech, grandiosity, and/or racing thoughts; may include psychotic features like delusions or hallucinations
Bipolar disorder is a serious mental health condition affecting 2.8 percent of adults in the United States. It involves episodes of mania (extreme highs) and depression (intense lows).
The DSM-5 and ICD-11 recognise bipolar disorder as a spectrum with three specific subtypes: bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder and cyclothymic disorder. The lifetime prevalence of BD is approximately 1% in the general population, [ 4 ] but rises to 4% when given the broader definition of bipolar spectrum disorder.
The bereavement exclusion in DSM-IV was removed from depressive disorders in DSM-5. [19] New disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) [20] for children up to age 18 years. [11] Premenstrual dysphoric disorder moved from an appendix for further study, and became a disorder. [11]
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