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  2. Safe navigation operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_navigation_operator

    In object-oriented programming, the safe navigation operator (also known as optional chaining operator, safe call operator, null-conditional operator, null-propagation operator) is a binary operator that returns null if its first argument is null; otherwise it performs a dereferencing operation as specified by the second argument (typically an ...

  3. Null object pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_object_pattern

    In object-oriented computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior.The null object design pattern, which describes the uses of such objects and their behavior (or lack thereof), was first published as "Void Value" [1] and later in the Pattern Languages of Program Design book series as "Null Object".

  4. Void safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_safety

    Void safety (also known as null safety) is a guarantee within an object-oriented programming language that no object references will have null or void values. In object-oriented languages, access to objects is achieved through references (or, equivalently, pointers ).

  5. Primitive data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_data_type

    In JavaScript, there are 7 primitive data types: string, number, bigint, boolean, symbol, undefined, and null. [19] Their values are considered immutable. These are not objects and have no methods or properties; however, all primitives except undefined and null have object wrappers. [20]

  6. Software design pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern

    Null object: Avoid null references by providing a default object. Yes Yes Yes Observer or Publish/subscribe: Define a one-to-many dependency between objects where a state change in one object results in all its dependents being notified and updated automatically. Yes Yes Yes Servant: Define common functionality for a group of classes.

  7. Fix problems sending AOL Mail

    help.aol.com/articles/aol-mail-troubleshooting

    Check your display name: If you have any combination of "AOL" in your display name, the message won't go through. It is especially important to check your Mail settings for this if your account has been recently compromised, as hackers will often change your name to make it harder for you to use your account normally even after it's secured.

  8. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, [1] which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).

  9. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    A null pointer has a value reserved for indicating that the pointer does not refer to a valid object. Null pointers are routinely used to represent conditions such as the end of a list of unknown length or the failure to perform some action; this use of null pointers can be compared to nullable types and to the Nothing value in an option type.