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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Kraurosis vulvae or vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a cutaneous condition characterized by atrophy and shrinkage of the skin of the vagina and vulva often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.
These include, among others: vulvar dermatosis (lichen sclerosus, lichen planus), [1] [2] vulvar pain , [3] [4] [5] vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, [6] etc. More recently, a guideline concerning female cosmetic genital surgery was published.
Lichen simplex (chronic eczema) Psoriasis; Lichen sclerosus; Lichen planus; Zoon's vulvitis (Zoon's balanitis in men) Pemphigus vulgaris; Pemphigoid (mucous membrane pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid)
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV infection, genital warts, smoking, many sexual partners [1] [3] Diagnostic method: Physical examination, tissue biopsy [1] Differential diagnosis: Lichen sclerosus, hyperplasia [4] Prevention: HPV vaccination [5] Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy [1] Prognosis
Lichen sclerosus is another common cause of vulvitis in children, and it often affects an hourglass or figure eight-shaped area of skin around the anus and vulva. Symptoms of a mild case include skin fissures, loss of skin pigment (hypopigmentation), skin atrophy, a parchment-like texture to the skin, dysuria, itching, discomfort, and excoriation.
In the Usual type VIN, seen more frequently in young patients, lesions tend to be multifocal over an otherwise normal vulvar skin. In the differentiated type VIN, usually seen in postmenopausal women, lesions tend to be isolated and are located over a skin with a vulvar dermatosis such as Lichen slerosus. [4]
Perineoplasty is generally considered effective for treatment of dyspareunia, [6] including that caused by lichen sclerosus, [7] and vaginismus. [6] It is also considered an effective treatment for vulvar vestibulitis, although it is generally recommended following the failure of nonsurgical methods. [8] [9] [10]