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It is also popularly known as the Hays Code, after Will H. Hays, president of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) from 1922 to 1945. Under Hays's leadership, the MPPDA, later the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the Motion Picture Association (MPA), adopted the Production Code in 1930 and began ...
Catholic bishops and laypeople tended to be leery of federal censorship and favored the Hays approach of self-censorship, and the influence of public opinion. [18] The Catholic Legion of Decency was organized in 1934 [19] under the auspices of Cincinnati Archbishop John T. McNicholas. Members were asked to sign a pledge promising to "remain ...
Joseph Ignatius Breen (October 14, 1888 – December 5, 1965) was an American film censor with the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America who applied the Hays Code to film production. [ 1 ]
The National Legion of Decency was established in 1933 and reorganized in 1965 as the National Catholic Office for Motion Pictures (NCOMP). Under each of these names, it rated films according to their suitability for viewing, assigning a code of A, B, or C, with that of C identified as "Condemned" for viewing by Catholics.
In general his efforts at pre-release self-censorship were unsuccessful in quieting calls for federal censorship. [citation needed] Catholic bishops and lay people tended to be wary of federal censorship and favored the Hays approach of self-censorship; these included the outspoken Catholic layman Martin J. Quigley, publisher of Exhibitors ...
Finally, the code sought to protect American film interests abroad by encouraging film studios to avoid racist portrayals of foreigners. [5] [7] From the early days of the association, Hays spoke out against public censorship, [7] [8] and the MPPDA worked to raise support from the general public for the film industry's efforts against such ...
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Pre-Code Hollywood was an era in the American film industry that occurred between the widespread adoption of sound in film in the late 1920s and the enforcement of the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines (popularly known as the Hays Code) in 1934. Although the Hays Code was adopted in 1930, oversight was poor, and it did not ...