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A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
The diaphragm separates the chest from the abdomen. The esophagus (swallowing tube) passes through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm to reach the stomach. With a hiatal hernia, part of the stomach is displaced upwards into the chest (Figure 1). Large hiatal hernias may cause chronic gastrointestinal blood loss leading to iron deficiency anemia.
Several causes for EGJOO exist. [2] Etiologies include early achalasia, mechanical processes (eosinophilic esophagitis, hiatal hernia, strictures, etc.), esophageal wall thickness (fibrosis, cancer, etc.), compression by nearby blood vessels (external vascular compression), obesity, opioid medication effect, or anatomic abnormalities. [2]
Causes: Inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter [6] Risk factors: Obesity, pregnancy, smoking, hiatal hernia, taking certain medicines [6] Diagnostic method: Gastroscopy, upper GI series, esophageal pH monitoring, esophageal manometry [6] Differential diagnosis: Peptic ulcer disease, esophageal cancer, esophageal spasm, angina [8 ...
It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...
Hiatus, or hiatal hernias often result in heartburn but may also cause chest pain or pain while eating. [3] Risk factors for the development of a hernia include smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease and previous open appendectomy, among others.
Femoral Hernia A femoral hernia develops when inner tissue protrudes from a hole in the thigh called the femoral canal. Folks with femoral hernias often have severe pain and a noticeable bulge.
Hiatal hernia [14] Cardiac bridge (Coronary occluding reflexes triggered by coronary reflexes) Enteric disease; Aneructonia, the loss of the ability to belch (continuous or intermittent) [citation needed] Bowel obstruction (Less common, this usually leads to intense pain in short time) Acute pancreatic necrosis [15] Eosinophilia
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