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Clidinium bromide is an anticholinergic (specifically a muscarinic antagonist) drug. [1] [2] It may help symptoms of cramping and abdominal/stomach pain by decreasing stomach acid, and slowing the intestines. It is commonly prescribed in combination with chlordiazepoxide (a benzodiazepine derivative) using the brand name Librax,Normaxin CC.
Loop diuretics usually have a ceiling effect whereby doses greater than a certain maximum amount will not increase the clinical effect of the drug. Also, there is a threshold minimum concentration of loop diuretics that needs to be achieved at the thick ascending limb to enable the onset of abrupt diuresis.
the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in children aged three years and older with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance dialysis therapy in whom secondary HPT is not adequately controlled with standard of care therapy. [5] part of a therapeutic regimen including phosphate binders and/or vitamin D sterols, as appropriate. [5]
Ranitidine was introduced in 1981, and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1987. [132] Subsequently, it was largely superseded by the more effective proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) class of drugs, with omeprazole becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years.
Handbook of Renal Therapeutics. New York: Plenum, March 1983. Co-editor with G. Eknoyan. The Physiological Basis of Diuretic Therapy in Clinical Medicine. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1986. Co-editor with J.F. Macias-Nuñez. Hipertension en Geriatria. Madrid: Jarpyo Editores, 1989. Editor, Renal Disease and Hypertension in the Elderly. Boston ...
The book was distributed for free to all licensed medical doctors in America; only drugs which drug manufacturers paid to appear, appeared in the PDR, and no generic drugs were listed. The 71st Edition, published in 2017, was the final hardcover edition, weighed in at 4.6 pounds (2.1 kg) and contained information on over 1,000 drugs. [ 1 ]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys.It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way.
Cidofovir is only available as an intravenous formulation. Cidofovir is to be administered with probenecid which decreases side effects to the kidney. [22] Probenecid mitigates nephrotoxicity by inhibiting organic anion transport of the proximal tubule epithelial cells of the kidney. [23]