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The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the horn in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular.
The modern standard orchestral horn is a double B ♭ /F horn. The player can switch between the two modes using a thumb-operated fourth valve. The fundamental pitch of the F horn is near that of the tuba. Horn notation is a complex subject beyond the scope of this article, but what is written as middle C for the horn is the fourth harmonic of ...
Some French horns have an altogether different system: they have a complete set of slides on each valve in B ♭, parallel to the F slides. Pressing a separate trigger routes the air through the B ♭ slides vice the F slides, and via shorter tubing to the bell. Intonation is less of a problem in French horn, because it usually plays using ...
This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn (also called French horn), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flugelhorn, tenor horn (alto horn), baritone horn, sousaphone, and the mellophone. As valved instruments are predominant among the brasses today, a more thorough discussion of ...
Northumbrian smallpipes in F or F+ B ♭ 4 for F (~20 cents sharp for F+) Older and traditionally made instruments use a pitch sharp of F described as F+ (F-plus) Banjo Banjo: C 3: Tenor banjo C 3: Bassoon: Tenoroon F 4: Contrabassoon: C 3: Bugle Soprano bugle Mellophone bugle French horn bugle: G 3: Baritone bugle Euphonium bugle G 2 ...
However, playing a 3rd space C (F-horn, open) and repeating the stopped horn, the pitch will lower a half-step to a B-natural (or 1/2 step above B ♭, the next lower partial). The hand horn technique developed in the classical period, with music pieces requiring the use of covering the bell to various degrees to lower the pitch accordingly.
The F mellophone has tubing half the length of a French horn, which gives it an overtone series more similar to a trumpet and most other brass instruments. The mellophone is an instrument designed specifically to bring the approximate sound of a horn in a package which is conducive to playing while marching.
The sound of the flugelhorn has been described as halfway between a trumpet and a French horn, whereas the cornet's sound is halfway between a trumpet and a flugelhorn. [6] The flugelhorn is as agile as the cornet but more difficult to control in the high register (from approximately written G 5 ), where in general it locks onto notes less easily.