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Alcoholism; Other names: Alcohol ... since women generally have a lower weight and higher percentage of body fat and ... The concept is promoted by 12-step recovery ...
Functional alcoholics account for 19.5 percent of total U.S. alcoholics, with 50 percent also being smokers and 33 percent having a multigenerational family history of alcoholism. [5] Statistics from the Harvard School of Public Health indicated that 31 percent of college students show signs of alcohol abuse and 6 percent are dependent on alcohol .
Alcohol is the most recreationally used drug internationally, [64] throughout history it has played a variety of roles, from medicine to a mood enhancer. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse however have undergone rigorous examination as a disease which has pervasive physiological and biosocial implications.
Twelve-step methods have been adapted to address a wide range of alcoholism, substance abuse, and dependency problems. Over 200 mutual aid organizations—often known as fellowships—with a worldwide membership of millions have adopted and adapted AA’s 12 Steps and 12 Traditions for recovery.
About half of people with alcoholism will develop withdrawal symptoms upon reducing their use, with four percent developing severe symptoms. [3] Among those with severe symptoms up to 15% die. [2] Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal have been described at least as early as 400 BC by Hippocrates.
Alcoholics Anonymous Twelve Steps exhibit at A.A. Intergroup in Akron, Ohio. AA's program extends beyond abstaining from alcohol. [58] Its goal is to effect enough change in the alcoholic's thinking "to bring about recovery from alcoholism" [59] through "an entire psychic change," or spiritual awakening. [60]