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Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD), Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries), the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire.
Transylvania, together with the neighboring counties, gained the status of an autonomous state under Ottoman suzerainty after the central territories of the Kingdom of Hungary had been annexed by the Ottomans in 1541. The fall of the kingdom also deprived Wallachia and Moldavia of their main ally in the struggle against the Ottoman Empire.
Kolozs County was formed in the 11th century. In 1876, when the administrative structure of Transylvania was changed, the territory of Kolozs was modified and some villages of Doboka County (which was then disbanded) were annexed to it. In 1920, by the Treaty of Trianon, the county became part of Romania.
Northern Transylvania (Romanian: Transilvania de Nord, Hungarian: Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the August 1940 territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.
The Principality of Transylvania in 1570: Transylvania proper and the Partium Long winters and rainy summers with frequent floodings featured the " Little Ice Age " in 17th-century Transylvania. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] Because of the short autumns, arable lands on the plateaus were transformed into grazing lands . [ 78 ]
[212] [213] In 1699, Transylvania became a part of the Habsburg monarchy following the Austrian victory over the Turks. [214] The Habsburgs rapidly expanded their empire; in 1718 Oltenia, a major part of Wallachia, was annexed to the Habsburg monarchy and was
However, this land would be later essentially recovered in its entirety. Moldavia, on the other hand, suffered great territorial losses. In 1774, the Habsburgs invaded Bukovina and annexed it one year later, and in 1812, the Russian Empire took control of Bessarabia. Both territories were later exposed to powerful colonization policies.
In August 1940, during World War II, Northern Transylvania was annexed by Hungary as a result of the Second Vienna Award, leaving Southern Transylvania to Romania. After the coup d'état of 23 August 1944 , Romania left the Axis and joined the Allies , and, as such, fought together with the Soviet Union 's Red Army against Nazi Germany and ...