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The soles of the feet are extremely sensitive to touch due to a high concentration of nerve endings, with as many as 200,000 per sole. [5] This makes them sensitive to surfaces that are walked on, ticklish and some people find them to be erogenous zones. [6] Medically, the soles are the site of the plantar reflex, the testing of which can be ...
This arrangement of dorsal interossei makes the second toe the midline of the foot, whereas the midline of the hand (marked by dorsal interossei of hand) is in the third finger. [2] Abduction is of little importance in the foot, but, together with the plantar interossei, the dorsal interossei also produce flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints.
Plantar: Bases and medial sides of 3rd through 5th metatarsals. Insertion: Dorsal: 1st = medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit; 2nd through 4th = lateral sides of digits 2-4. Plantar: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd through 5th digits. Artery: Dorsal: Arcuate artery, dorsal and plantar metatarsal arteries.
Since the intersseous muscles cross on the metatarsophalangeal joint, then they act on that specific joint and cause adduction of toes III, IV, and V. [1] Adduction itself is not of extreme importance to the toes, but these muscles work together with the dorsal interosseous muscles in flexion of the foot.
The flexor digitorum brevis or flexor digitorum communis brevis [1] is a muscle which lies in the middle of the sole of the foot, immediately above the central part of the plantar aponeurosis, with which it is firmly united. Its deep surface is separated from the lateral plantar vessels and nerves by a thin layer of fascia.
Ligaments of the sole of the foot, with the tendons of the peronaeus longus, tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles. The plantar ligaments consist of longitudinal and oblique bands, disposed with less regularity than the dorsal ligaments.