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Rivers are an essential component of the terrestrial realm and have been a preferable location for human settlements during history. River is the main expression used for river channels themselves, riparian zones, floodplains and terraces, adjoining uplands dissected by lower channels and river deltas. [3]
The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov, and it was first used in English by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities. [20]
Second-longest river in China and the sixth-longest river system on Earth. Birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization. [96] 4.29 billion tons of waste and sewage discharged in 2007 alone, mainly from urban factories and manufacturing facilities. [97] One-third of the river's course rendered unusable even for agricultural or industrial use. [98 ...
Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic ecosystems and infrastructure. [67] [68] Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the 1850s due anthropogenic influences (emissions of greenhouse gases). [69] This leads to ocean acidification and is another form of water pollution from atmospheric contributions. [70]
A large reason for stream restoration is to remove nitrogren and phosphorus pollution. Excess nitrogen and phosphorus from anthropogenic activities have partaken in stream and river quality concerns such as drinking water contamination, hypoxia, and algal blooms. [10] There are different approaches one may take to offset these effects.
Coral reefs are among the more productive and diverse ecosystems on the planet, but one-fifth of them have been lost in recent years due to anthropogenic disturbances. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Coral reefs are microbially driven ecosystems that rely on marine microorganisms to retain and recycle nutrients in order to thrive in oligotrophic waters.
When anthropogenic contaminants are dissolved or suspended in runoff, the human impact is expanded to create water pollution. This pollutant load can reach various receiving waters such as streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries and oceans with resultant water chemistry changes to these water systems and their related ecosystems.
This stream operating together with its environment can be thought of as forming a river ecosystem. River ecosystems are flowing waters that drain the landscape, and include the biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions of its many parts.