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Polish Jews took part in the November Insurrection of 1830–1831, the January Insurrection of 1863, as well as in the revolutionary movement of 1905. Many Polish Jews were enlisted in the Polish Legions, which fought for the Polish independence, achieved in 1918 when the occupying forces disintegrated following World War I. [76] [77]
1264 – Polish Prince Boleslaus the Pious issues Statute of Kalisz – The General Charter of Jewish Liberties in Poland, an unprecedented document in medieval history of Europe that allows Jews personal freedom, legal autonomy and separate tribunal for criminal matters as well as safeguards against forced baptism and blood libel.
At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million, some 10% of the general Polish population). [7] The vast majority were murdered under the Nazi " Final Solution " mass-extermination program in the Holocaust in Poland during the German occupation; only 369,000 (11%) of Poland's Jews ...
The history of the Jews in Poland before the 18th century covers the period of Jewish-Polish history from its origins, roughly until the political and socio-economic circumstances leading to the dismemberment of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the second half of the 18th century by the neighbouring empires (see also: Partitions of Poland).
American Friends of POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews is a U.S. based non-profit organization supporting the foundation of the museum. [18] On 17 June 2009, the museum launched the Virtual Shtetl portal, which collects and provides access to essential information about Jewish life in Poland before and after the Holocaust in Poland. The ...
Jews joined also Polish struggles for an independent Poland. Many Jews participated in a number of Polish insurrections against the Russian Empire, including the Kościuszko Uprising (1794), and the January Insurrection (1863). Jewish student Michał Landy was killed by Russian soldiers during a Polish demonstration in Warsaw, 1861. [4]
Some Jewish cultural institutions were established including the Yiddish State Theater founded in 1950 and directed by Ida Kamińska, the Jewish Historical Institute, an academic institution specializing in the research of the history and culture of the Jews in Poland, and the Yiddish newspaper Folks-Shtime.
After Poland regained independence in 1918, the Second Polish Republic had a large Jewish minority.The early Polish Army was formed in the aftermath of World War I mostly from ethnic Polish volunteers, but as the situation stabilized and the country enforced regular conscriptions, the number of soldiers in the Polish Army from various ethnic minorities, including Jewish, increased.