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  2. List of English words of Chinese origin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of...

    English words of Chinese origin usually have different characteristics, depending on precisely how the words encountered the West. Despite the increasingly widespread use of Standard Chinese—based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin—among Chinese people, English words based on Mandarin are comparatively few.

  3. Mandarin Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese

    我 wǒ I 给 gěi give 你 nǐ you 一本 yìběn a 书 shū book [我給你一本書] 我 给 你 一本 书 wǒ gěi nǐ yìběn shū I give you a book In southern dialects, as well as many southwestern and Lower Yangtze dialects, the objects occur in the reverse order. Most varieties of Chinese use post-verbal particles to indicate aspect, but the particles used vary. Most Mandarin ...

  4. History of the Chinese language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese...

    The earliest historical linguistic evidence of the spoken Chinese language dates back approximately 4500 years, [1] while examples of the writing system that would become written Chinese are attested in a body of inscriptions made on bronze vessels and oracle bones during the Late Shang period (c. 1250 – 1050 BCE), [2] [3] with the very oldest dated to c. 1200 BCE.

  5. History of Standard Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Standard_Chinese

    The Ming (1368–1644) and Qing dynasties (1644–1912) began to use the term Guanhua (官話) 'official speech' to refer to the dialect used at the courts.It seems that during the early part of this period, the standard was based on the Nanjing dialect, but later the Beijing dialect became increasingly influential, despite the mix of officials and commoners speaking various dialects in the ...

  6. Chinese language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language

    The bulk of these words were originally coined in Shanghai during the early 20th century and later loaned from there into Mandarin, hence their Mandarin pronunciations occasionally being quite divergent from the English. For example, in Shanghainese 沙发; 沙發 (sofa) and 马达; 馬達 ('motor') sound more like their English counterparts.

  7. Names of China - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_China

    English, most Indo-European languages, and many others use various forms of the name China and the prefix "Sino-" or "Sin-" from the Latin Sina. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] Europeans had knowledge of a country known in Greek as Thina or Sina from the early period; [ 85 ] the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea from perhaps the first century AD recorded a country ...

  8. Old Mandarin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Mandarin

    Old Mandarin or Early Mandarin was the speech of northern China during the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty and the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (12th to 14th centuries). New genres of vernacular literature were based on this language, including verse, drama and story forms, such as the qu and sanqu .

  9. Wade–Giles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade–Giles

    Wade–Giles (/ w eɪ d dʒ aɪ l z / wayd jylze) is a romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from the system produced by Thomas Francis Wade during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert Giles's A Chinese–English Dictionary (1892).